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31.
Kaiying Cao Bing Xu Yi He Qingyun Xu 《International Transactions in Operational Research》2020,27(5):2270-2293
Carbon tax policy is widely adopted by many countries to curb carbon emissions. In the context of carbon tax policy, firms have more incentive to improve carbon reduction levels by reducing their carbon tax costs. However, firms need to bear carbon reduction costs that may cause shortage of capital. Thus, firms may face problems of financial constraints, which may demotivate firms to produce greener products. To address the decision‐making challenges of firms in the contexts of carbon tax policy and financial constraints, we consider a supply chain with a manufacturer who produces green products and a retailer who sells these products. Our study develops five models to investigate the two firms’ optimal wholesale price, carbon reduction level and ordering quantity, according to the manufacturer and retailer with or without financial constraints. Our goal in this study is to explore how carbon tax policy and banks’ interest rates affect the profits of the two firms, supply chain and consumer surplus. Certain managerial insights are obtained as follows. We demonstrate that carbon tax policy and banks’ interest rates demotivate the manufacturer to produce greener products and demotivate the retailer to order more products. If the interest rate to the manufacturer (retailer) is relatively low, then the manufacturer with financial constraint benefits (harms) the consumers compared with the retailer with financial constraint. Importantly, our analysis suggests that carbon tax policy harms the firms but benefits consumers, and the government in some conditions should reduce unit carbon tax. 相似文献
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33.
Qiang Xia Tao Feng Xiaowei Lou Ying Wang Yangying Sun Daodong Pan Jinxuan Cao 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2020,55(2):669-680
As a decisive attribute, flavour could be influenced by HP treatments through multiple physical and chemical pathways within the high pressure (HP)-assisted meat curing process. This investigation aimed to identify the major pathway influencing volatile flavour patterns of two representative vinasse-cured duck (VCD) products with HP treatments (150–300 MPa/15 min), including wet and dry types, by employing headspace fingerprinting as an untargeted approach. Results suggested that HP treatments greatly lowered moisture contents and increased Warner-Bratzler shear force and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances of the cured samples. According to multivariate models, the volatile flavour patterns of the HP-processed VCD could be clearly separated from the unprocessed samples, but the VCD pressurised at different intensities represented similar volatile fingerprinting, which was validated by e-nose analysis. The discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model outlined vinasse-derived ethanol, acetic acid, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, phenethyl alcohol and 2-methyl-3-octanone as the major discriminant aromas across the unpressurised and pressurised samples. 相似文献
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35.
Chen Gang Liss Klaus-Dieter Cao Peng Lu Xin Qu Xuanhui 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2019,50(1):429-437
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - Sintering behaviors of two types of powder compact, i.e., Ti/Al and TiH2/Al, under vacuum were studied using in situ neutron diffraction, in situ... 相似文献
36.
Mengjian Hao Tiantian Yi Yongfan Cao Yinmin Song Zhenzhu Cao Weiyan He Yanfang Gao Jinrong Liu 《Advanced Powder Technology》2019,30(1):111-119
AgI/BiOCOOH composite photocatalysts have been synthesized via a simple deposition-precipitation method. The crystal structure, microstructure, element valance, light and electrical properties of as prepared samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, UV–Vis DRS, PL, EIS and photocurrent response. The loading of AgI nanoparticles endowed BiOCOOH with good visible light absorption and photocatalytic activity for degrading rhodamine B. The composition with Ag:Bi?=?1:1 exhibited the best photocatalytic activity. The enhanced photocatalytic performance could be mainly attributed to the effective separation of the photogenerated carriers at the heterojunction. O2? and h+ were suggested as the main reactive species in the photocatalytic reaction. In addition, the photocatalysts showed excellent stability over multiple reaction cycles. 相似文献
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38.
Jianlei Kuang Ting Xiao Xianjie Hou Qianfang Zheng Qi Wang Peng Jiang Wenbin Cao 《Ceramics International》2019,45(9):11660-11667
Thin thickness is always the pursuit of excellent electromagnetic wave absorbing materials. Herein, SiC nanowires with worm-like morphology were synthesized by microwave heating the mixture of expanded graphite and silica. The worm-like SiC nanowires exhibit an excellent microwave absorption ability at a thin thickness. With the filling ratio of SiC nanowires increases in the matrix, the dielectric loss and microwave absorbing ability are significantly enhanced; meanwhile the number of absorption peaks is gradually increased, and the absorption peaks also move toward a thinner thickness. When the nanowires filling ratio was 40?wt%, the minimum reflection loss reached down to ?35.2?dB and the effective absorption (RL?<??10?dB) bandwidth was 1.8?GHz?at a thickness of 1.3?mm. The possible growth mechanism of the worm-like SiC nanowires is that the intermediate reaction gas phases, SiO and CO, were confined in the relatively independent tiny pores of expanded graphite. This resulting in an excessive local gas phase pressure, which causes the nanowire growth direction changes randomly. 相似文献
39.
Yuting Zhou Weidong Li Xia Jiang Yan Sun Huayun Yang Qi Liu Yong Cao Yun Zhang Haixiang Cheng 《Ceramics International》2021,47(12):16730-16736
The development of high-efficiency adsorbents for heavy metal ion removal from wastewater is highly desirable and challenging due to their synthesis complexity and low adsorption capacities. Herein, we reported the synthesis of strontium (Sr) doped hydroxyapatite (HAp) for the increased Cr (VI) adsorption. The effects of pH, temperature, and time on adsorption performances were studied. As a result, the Sr-HAp nanorods can achieve a Cr (VI) adsorption capacity of 443 mg/g, which is significantly higher than that of HAp nanorods (318 mg/g). To better understand the adsorption mechanism, the Langmuir isotherm model was established. The modeling results indicated that Langmuir monolayer chemical adsorption contributed to the efficient Cr (VI) ion removal for Sr-HAp nanorods adsorbents. The surface area and surface functional groups (O–H) contributed to the different Cr (VI) adsorption capacities between HAp and Sr-HAp. 相似文献
40.
Fangjun Zhu You Shi Guorong Hu Zhongdong Peng Yanbing Cao Qian Sun Zhichen Xue Yinjia Zhang Ke Du 《Ceramics International》2021,47(3):3070-3078
Titanium and boron are simultaneously introduced into LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 to improve the structural stability and electrochemical performance of the material. X-ray diffraction studies reveal that Ti4+ ion replaces Li+ ion and reduces the cation mixing; B3+ ion enters the tetrahedron of the transition metal layers and enlarges the distance of the [LiO6] layers. The co-doped sample has spherical secondary particles with elongated and enlarged primary particles, in which Ti and B elements distribute uniformly. Electrochemical studies reveal the co-doped sample has improved rate performance (183.1 mAh·g-1 at 1 C and 155.5 mAh·g-1 at 10 C) and cycle stability (capacity retention of 94.7% after 100 cycles at 1 C). EIS and CV disclose that Ti and B co-doping reduces charge transfer impedance and suppresses phase change of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2. 相似文献